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The three secondary elements essential for plant growth are calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. Each of these elements plays a vital role in plant health and development.

Calcium is crucial for maintaining cell wall structure and integrity, which is fundamental for plant rigidity and overall growth. It also helps in root development and nutrient uptake. Magnesium, on the other hand, is a key component of chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for photosynthesis, enabling plants to convert sunlight into energy. Additionally, it regulates many enzyme functions within the plant. Sulfur is important for the synthesis of amino acids and proteins, as well as certain vitamins. It also contributes to the formation of chlorophyll and plays a role in overall plant metabolism.

In contrast, the other groups listed primarily include nutrients that fall into different categories. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, for instance, are classified as primary macronutrients, which are needed in larger quantities compared to secondary elements. Zinc, iron, and manganese are micronutrients, which are essential in smaller amounts but are not classified as secondary elements. Boron, copper, and chlorine are also considered micronutrients, serving specific roles in plant health but not fitting within the secondary nutrient classification.